1. Code Snippets (6 Points)

<aside> ⚠️ One important skill of computer scientists is to understand a piece of given source codes easily. Therefore, you will find four code snippets in the C programming language. Your task is to analyze these snippets and write them into the input field without a debugger. You can assume that all provided code examples can be compiled correctly and they won’t produce a runtime error. To make the code snippets easier, we might not put it in a main function or include headers. You can assume, that the code is working.

❗Your answer will be tested automatically; make sure that you write the exact output (including whitespace), otherwise, you won't get the point.

</aside>

a) (2 Points)

int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int *ptr = arr + 2;
*ptr += 10;
ptr--;
printf("%d", *ptr);

// Output: 2

b) (2 Points)

void swap(int *a, int *b) 
{
    int tmp = *a;
    *b = *a;
	*a = tmp;
}

int main() 
{
    int x = 5, y = 10;
    int *ptr1 = &x, *ptr2 = &y;
    swap(ptr1, ptr2);
    printf("%d %d", *ptr1, *ptr2);
    return 0;
}

// Output: 5 5

c) (2 Points)

int findHighestNumber(int data[], int length)
{
  int highest = data[0]; 
  for (int i = 1; i < length; ++i)
    if (data[i] > highest) 
      highest = data[i];
  return highest;
}

int main ()
{
  int numbers[] = { 4, 5, 2, 10, 12, 3 };
  printf ("%d", findHighestNumber(numbers, sizeof (numbers) / sizeof(int*)));
  return 0;
}

// Output: 5

2. Debugging (2 Points)

Find the errors of the following code snippet and fix them. The online compiler will give you already a few good hints. Do not change the ordering of the functions or delete function calls. Do not change the struct.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct _Person_
{
  char name[50];
  int age;
} Person;

void initializePerson (struct _Person_ *person, const char *name, int age)
{
  person->name = name; 
  person->age = age;
}

void printPerson (struct Person *person) 
{
  printf ("Name: %s, Age: %d\\n", person->name, person->age);
}

int main ()
{
  Person person;
  initializePerson (person, "John", 25);
  printPerson (person);
  return 0;
}

The output should be exactly this: Name: John, Age: 25

3. Code Generation (12 Points)

Insert into a Linked List

In the program below, items (in this example, the items are smartphones) are saved in a singly linked list. An item is represented as a struct called Item, which contains the following members:

• char name_[30]: the name of the item
• char brand_[30]: the maker of the item
• unsigned price_in_cents_: the price of the item (in Euro cents instead of Euros, to prevent rounding errors)
• Item* next_: a pointer to the next item in the list

In the program, the list of items must always be sorted in ascending order according to the items' price. This means that a list with items always starts with the cheapest item, and each further item fulfills the requirement that it is at least as expensive as the preceding item in the list.